Aren't both the Conservative and Labour parties in favour of EU membership?
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Not quite. In fact, both the Conservative and Labour parties are riven with conflicts on this issue, as they have been ever since we joined the EEC in 1973. In the Referendum of 1975, leading politicians from each parties were to be found campaigning on both the In and Out side. The same phenomenon may be observed now.

At least 165 (about 50%) Conservative MPs have already declared themselves as Leavers in the coming Referendum, with many more expected to follow. These include many cabinet ministers such as Iain Duncan Smith (since, resigned from the cabinet) as well as major figures Boris Johnson and Zac Goldsmith.

Approximately two-thirds of Conservative Party members are believed to be in favour of Brexit.

The Labour Party is similarly conflicted, although they are not discussing it as openly. A number of Labour MPs have publicly declared in favour of Brexit: Kate Hoey MP, Graham Stringer MP and Kelvin Hopkins MP. A major Labour donor millionaire John Mills heads the Labour Leave campaign group. Labour Leader Jeremy Corbyn was opposed to EU membership throughout his career, but now nominally backs the Remain campaign. While a majority of Labour MPs are in favour of remaining, this does not reflect the feeling of a very large number of Party members. Even Andy Burnham MP, a Europhile and former contender for the Labour Leadership, had to admit that despite campaigning to stay in the EU, "If I was to lay money on it ... I would bet that Brexit is going to win".

Even the usually Europhile Scottish National Party are not united on this issue. Jim Sillars, a major figure in the SNP and a former Deputy Leader, has written an excellent pamphlet arguing why Scotland should vote to leave the EU. Mr. Sillars sums the issue up succinctly when he writes, "Should the Parliament we directly elect make our laws? If the answer is Yes, the coming-out of the EU is a must. If the answer is No, then you must accept having laws imposed on your society with which your elected government does not agree".